Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Formulations of mathematical programs often require that some of the decision variables take only integer values. Consider the formulation You can follow the same steps to identify binary variables.

This paper studies a class of integer programming problems in which squares of variables may occur in the constraints, and shows that no computing device can be programmed to compute the optimum ...