The I/O capabilities built into most microcontrollers make it easy to measure the analog world. Say you want to build a data logger for temperature. All you need to do is get some kind of sensor that ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...

Editor’s note: This month we are pleased to have Colin Wells from Texas Instruments as our blogger. In modern industrial control systems, 4-20 mA current-loop transmitters remain one of the most ...

IoT connectivity is a hot topic, but it’s not a new idea, except for the “Internet” aspect. Industrial and some commercial applications have been connecting all sorts of sensors and transducers to ...

A serial transmission method that uses a closed loop. It originated with teletype machines that transmitted 20 mA (milliamperes) of current for a 1 bit and the absence of current for a 0 bit. A 60 mA ...